Affective Polarization and the Populist Radical Right: Creating the Hating?

Abstract Do populist radical right (PRR) parties fuel affective polarization? If so, how and under which circumstances? Based on a comparative cross-country analysis covering 103 elections in 28 European countries an examination of longitudinal data from the Netherlands, we show that PRR occupy particular position political landscape because they both radiate receive high levels dislike. In other words, supporters are uniquely (and homogeneously) negative about (supporters of) mainstream vice versa. Our analyses suggest these antipathy most likely due to combination parties' nativism populism – two different forms ingroup–outgroup thinking. findings also greater electoral success by reduces dislike towards them, while government participation appears threatening all voters except coalition partners.